Himalayas

• The Himalayas, or Himalaya, is a mountain range in South Asia which separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Tibetan Plateau.
• The Himalayas are bordered on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• The Himalayas span five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet), and Pakistan.
• The Himalayan range runs northwest to southeast in a 2,400 kilometres(length).
• The range varies in width from 400 to 150 kilometres.
• It is the youngest mountain range in the world.
• This range is home to nine of the ten highest peaks on Earth, including the highest, Mount Everest.
• It is located along the northern edge of the Indian plains.
• Three of the world's major rivers — the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra — arise in the Himalayas.
• While the Indus and the Brahmaputra rise near Mount Kailash in Tibet.
• Ganges rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• In India the major part of the Himalayas are occupied by Jammu & Kashmir.
• Himalaya is a folded type mountain range.
• The least width area of Himalayas are occupied by Arunachal Pradesh.
• Himalaya is devided into Three major geographical entities, the Himadri (greater Himalaya), Himanchal (lesser Himalaya) and the Siwaliks (outer Himalaya).

Greater Himalaya

• Greater Himalaya contains the highest ranges in Himalaya.
• It is also known as Himadri.
• This is the continuous range.
• The average range of mountains in this range is 6000metres.
• The highest peak in the world Mount Everest(8848m) is located in Greater Himalaya.
• Mount Everest, also known in Nepal as Sagarmāthā and in Tibet as Chomolungma.

Lesser Himalaya

• It is also known as Himachal.
• Also called the Mahabharat Range.
• Lesser Himalayas is a prominent range 2,000 to 3,000 meters.
• Mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.

Outer Hills

• Also Known as Shivalik.
• The altitude varies between 900 and 1100m.
• Earthquakes and landslides are frequent in this area.
• The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shivaliks are known as Dun.

Trans-Himalaya

• The part of Himalaya located on Jammu & Kashmir is known as Trans-Himalaya.
• It includes Karakoram, Ladak, Saskar etc.
• Mount K2 (Godwin-Austen)  is the highest point of the Karakoram Range and the highest point in Pakistan.
• Mount K2 is the second highest mountain in the world at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft), after Mount Everest.
• K2 is known as the Savage Mountain.
• The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range.
• The glacier's region is the highest battleground on Earth, where Pakistan and India have fought intermittently since April 1984.